机械合金化FeS/Cu复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

以FeS和CuSn8Ni1粉末为原料，利用机械合金化技术和粉末冶金技术制备了FeS/Cu复合材料，探讨了不同载荷情况下所制备的FeS/Cu复合材料的摩擦学性能及润滑膜与转移膜特征。结果表明：机械合金化提高了FeS与铜合金基体界面结合性能，进而提高了材料减摩耐磨性能；当载荷较小时，摩擦副表面接触不稳定，复合转移膜不连续，摩擦因数波动大；载荷较大时，复合转移膜易破损，材料的减摩耐磨性能变差；当载荷为150 N时，载荷适宜，材料表面软化，复合转移膜更加完整，摩擦因数较小。     

Highly efficient chemical mechanical polishing method for SiC substrates using enhanced slurry containing bubbles of ozone gas

In this study, a highly efficient method for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of silicon carbide (SiC) substrates using enhanced slurry was proposed and developed. The enhanced slurry contains bubbles of ozone gas generated by ozone gas generator in pure water mixed with a conventional commercially available slurry. Therefore, the enhanced slurry has an oxidizing effect on the Si-face of SiC substrates. To confirm the effectiveness of bubbles enclosing ozone gas, both nano-indentation test and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were conducted. As a result, the hardness decrease of the Si-face of the SiC substrate was confirmed through the nano-indentation test, and the generation of reaction products was confirmed on Si-face of SiC substrate in the XPS analysis. According to a series of experimental results of our proposed highly efficient CMP method for SiC substrates, the removal rate can be increased when the enhanced slurry was applied, comparing with that for the not only conventional commercially available slurry but also commercially available dedicated slurry.     

基于Bootstrap方法的密封寿命可靠性评估

针对高可靠、长寿命密封件在小样本试验下的可靠性寿命评估需求,提出一种基于虚拟增广样本和Bootstrap方法的密封寿命小样本数据可靠性评估方法。并以轴用阶梯圈为例,进行寿命可靠性评估。首先通过虚拟增广法将轴用阶梯圈台架寿命试验数据样本数增广至10个,使得样本数满足Bootstrap方法的适用条件;然后再利用Bootstrap方法得到轴用阶梯圈的寿命可靠性评估结果。     

An up to date review of continuously variable speed wind turbines with mechatronic variable transmissions

As a promising and potential alternative to conventional fixed or variable speed wind turbines, continuously variable speed wind turbines (CVSWTs) with variable transmissions offer improved power efficiency and enhanced power control capabilities. The CVSWTs can be generally achieved by adapting mechatronic variable transmissions in the turbine drive train for continuously variable speed operations for wind turbines. Therefore, this paper serves to provide an up to date and exhaustive review of the CVSWTs with mechatronic variable transmissions such as mechanical variable transmission, electrical variable transmission, and power splitting transmission. In this paper, the analysis of CVSWTs with different mechatronic transmission topologies is performed regarding basic configurations, dynamic characteristics, control principles, and experimental or simulation results. Review results indicate the feasibility of applying CVSWTs with such mechatronic transmissions and highlight superiorities of the CVSWTs with power splitting transmission. The CVSWT with power splitting transmission will be particularly suitable for megawatt‐scale turbine systems and will hence increase the economic competitiveness of these turbines due to its large power capacity and high reliability. The directions or challenges for future investigations of CVSWTs with such mechatronic transmissions are also presented to foster in‐depth understanding of such CVSWTs and their control strategies.     

综采工作面活性磁化水防尘技术研究

煤矿生产是环境较为封闭的井下作业，具有一定的特殊性，作业空间湿度高、生产环境复杂，其中粉尘是危害最大的因素之一，会对机器和人体造成不同程度的损害。粉尘的危害主要由两方面决定:煤尘能够燃烧，在浓度较高时还会爆炸；粉尘会危害人的身体健康。以平煤股份十矿-320 m水平己四采区东翼下段的己_15-16-24130工作面为研究对象，研究磁化水除尘的方法及原理，通过对比分析优选出活性磁化水添加剂，在该工作面试验后具有良好的除尘效果，大大增加了可见度、降低了空气中悬浮的煤尘。研究对该矿井其他工作面除尘工作具有指导意义。     

Fabrication and mechanical properties of large-scale SiC impeller via vacuum gelcasting and pressureless sintering

Impeller is the key part of centrifugal pump to convey liquid. And combined with the engineering practice, we fabricated two types of open and semi-open SiC ceramic impellers with diameter of 100 mm and 160 mm via gelcasting and pressureless sintering. B4C and C were used as the sintering additives and sprayed drying granulation method was adopted for the starting SiC powder processing. Given the size and shape complexity of impeller, the optimized pH value, dispersant content, and solid-loading content for the fabrication of the SiC impellers were determined to be 10-11, 0.8 wt%, and 40 vol%, respectively. For the open impeller, blade height, cover board thickness, drying shrinkage, and sintering shrinkage are 10.5 mm, 4 mm, 10.3%, and 21.3%, respectively. For the semi-open ones, the corresponding parameters are 41 mm, 10 mm, 10.3%, and 21.3%, respectively. The average density of the two types of impellers is 3.15 g/cm3, and the mechanical properties of both impellers, including average hardness, flexural strength, compressive strength, and fracture toughness are 2478 HV, 436 MPa, 2093 MPa, and 3.17 MPa·m1/2, respectively. All variation coefficient values are smaller than 5%, which indicates a good uniformity in densities and mechanical properties of both the impellers.     

喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金挤压态的组织和力学性能

研究了利用喷射成形辅以挤压制备Al-5.72Zn-2.36Mg-1.66Cu合金后优化的组织结构特征和力学性能。结果表明,合金基体组织均匀细化,晶粒形貌趋于圆整,平均晶粒大小达到10 μm左右。当合金的冷却条件通过快速凝固技术改变时,会产生不同程度的固溶强化效果和第二相弥散强化效果,从而改善了合金的整体性能。合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别平均提高了20%左右,且伸长率也略有提高。     

木粉疏水改性对HDPE基木塑复合材料性能的影响

采用一种操作简便且易于工业推广的方法对木粉进行疏水改性，具体过程为：将3种可热聚合的单体，即甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、甲基丙烯酸丁酯（BMA）和苯乙烯（St）均匀喷洒在木粉上，经过预热处理后，与配方中其他组分，如高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（MAPE）等通过高速混合机混合均匀，采用双螺杆挤出机造粒后，注射制备木塑复合材料（WPC）样条，测试其力学性能。另外，考察了疏水改性对WPC接触角、维卡软化温度、洛氏硬度、吸水性能、热性能的影响规律。结果表明：疏水改性后WPC的接触角增大，木粉和HDPE的界面相容性改善，力学性能得到明显提高。其中，当MMA、BMA和St的添加量为3%时，WPC的力学性能最好，与疏水改性前相比，弯曲强度分别提高了17.3%、26.3%和27.5%，弯曲模量分别提高了24.4%、24.4%和26.0%，冲击强度分别提高了54.7%、57.7%和60.5%。 此外，疏水改性后WPC的维卡软化温度、洛氏硬度、耐水性和耐热性也得到改善。     

Functional organisation of the endomembrane network in the digestive gland of the Venus flytrap: revisiting an old story with a new microscopy toolbox

Up-to-date imaging approaches were used to address the spatiotemporal organisation of the endomembrane system in secretory cells of Dionaea muscipula. Different ‘slice and view’ methodologies were performed on resin-embedded samples to finally achieve a 3D reconstruction of the cell architecture, using ultrastructural tomography, array tomography, serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), correlation, and volume rendering at the light microscopy level. Observations of cryo-fixed samples by high-pressure freezing revealed changes of the endomembrane system that occur after trap activation and prey digestion. They provide evidence for an original strategy that adapts the secretory machinery to a specific and unique case of stimulated exocytosis in plant cells. A first secretion peak is part of a rapid response to deliver digestive fluids to the cell surface, which delivers the needed stock of digestive materials ‘on site’. The second peak of activity could then be associated with the reconstruction of the Golgi apparatus (GA), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and vacuolar machinery, in order to prepare for a subsequent round of prey capture. Tubular continuum between ER and Golgi stacks observed on ZIO-impregnated tissues may correspond to an efficient transfer mechanism for lipids and/or proteins, especially for use in rapidly resetting the molecular GA machinery. The occurrence of one vacuolar continuum may permit continuous adjustment of cell homeostasy. The subcellular features of the secretory cells of Dionaea muscipula outline key innovations in the organisation of plant cell compartmentalisation that are used to cope with specific cell needs such as the full use of the GA as a protein factory, and the ability to create protein reservoirs in the periplasmic space. Shape-derived forces of the pleiomorphic vacuole may act as signals to accompany the sorting and entering flows of the cell.     

基于灰色关联度的微孔端面机械密封开启力共性影响参数分析

目前微孔端面机械密封采用的几何参数繁多,缺乏明确物理意义。为找出跨孔型的共性几何参数,基于Fluent多相流空化模型,针对矩形孔、菱形孔、椭圆孔端面机械密封,建立密封间隙流体的三维数值计算模型,计算得到144条开启力数据;在分析开启力和几何尺寸之间的关系、额外开启力产生机制的基础上,提出等效长度和等效宽度2个具有物理意义的几何参数;采用灰色关联度分析法,分析和验证等效长度、等效宽度、方向角、面积比对开启力的影响,发现4个因素对3种微孔密封的间隙流体开启力都有影响,但等效长度与等效宽度的影响较方向角、面积比大。